The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity.

Architectural Characteristics:

1. Symmetry and Proportion: Renaissance architecture emphasizes balance, symmetry, and proportion, inspired by the classical orders of ancient Greece and Rome.
2. Columns and Pilasters: Use of classical columns and pilasters, often in the Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian orders.
3. Domes and Rounded Arches: Domes and rounded arches are common, reflecting classical influences.
4. Decorative Niches: Niches are often used to house sculptures and decorative elements.
5. Ornamental Façades: Facades are richly decorated with reliefs, sculptures, and ornamental details.

Artistic Characteristics:

1. Humanism: Focus on human experience, anatomy, and the natural world, leading to more realistic and lifelike representations in art.
2. Linear Perspective: Use of linear perspective to create depth and realism in painting and drawing.
3. Chiaroscuro: Use of light and shadow to create three-dimensional effects and dramatic contrasts.
4. Classical Themes: Revival of classical mythology, history, and literature in subject matter.
5. Portraiture: Increased focus on individual portraits, capturing personality and status.

Furniture Characteristics:

1. Classical Motifs: Use of classical motifs such as acanthus leaves, egg-and-dart molding, and Greek key patterns.
2. Inlaid Woodwork: Use of inlaid wood to create intricate patterns and images, often using contrasting woods like walnut, oak, and ebony.
3. Carving and Gilding: Elaborate carving and gilding are common, often featuring mythological scenes, foliage, and animals.
4. Marquetry: Decorative veneer work, using pieces of wood, shell, or other materials to create complex designs and images.
5. Cabinets and Desks: Furniture like cabinets, desks, and chests are designed with both function and beauty in mind, often featuring secret compartments and intricate locks.
6. Balustrade and Turned Legs: Use of turned legs and balustrade-style supports in tables, chairs, and other furniture.
7. Upholstery: Increased use of upholstery in chairs and benches, with luxurious fabrics such as velvet, silk, and brocade.
8. Furniture Types: Development of new furniture forms such as credenzas (sideboards), cassoni (decorative chests), and savonarola chairs (folding chairs).